Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a description of a network of physical objects “things” that are embedded with software, sensors and other technologies for connection and data exchange with various systems and devices over the internet. In recent years IoT has become a critical technology as IoT devices are useful in connecting everyday objects including thermostats, cars, kitchen appliances, and baby monitors. The devices connect to an IoT network allowing for information exchange with other systems and devices over the internet.

Regarding applications, IoT applications consist of a collection of software and services aimed at integrating the data received from various IoT devices. The application uses artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning technology to analyze data to make informed decisions. Some of the IoT fundamentals regard the various workings of IoT. It is important to understand the various characteristics of IoT.

Internet of Things (IoT) Characteristics 

1. Intelligence: IoT intelligence refers to the sensor’s intelligence. The sensor in turn sends data to users for additional analysis. Regular updates on IoT devices allow for additional features that make the devices smarter.

2. Connectivity: Connectivity essential features IoT that connect through wireless devices, like sensors, and trackers. Ensuring individuals can make connections without the need for the internet to efficiently operate the device.

3. Identity: Providing an identity to devices is a crucial part of IoT as it is essential to differentiate among various components. The unique identities are crucial in assisting the selection of devices. In addition, each device has the capability of a unique identity including face recognition IP addresses, fingerprints as well as face lock systems. 

4. Architecture: Architecture: The IoT architecture ought to be able to support a wide variety of protocols, devices, and technologies. The work ought to be designed in a way that one particular device does not interfere with another device. Autonomy of the devices ensures the safety and security of the devices. 

5. Dynamic: IoT devices ought to be developed in a way that can effectively adapt to the environment. For instance, a camera meant for surveillance ought to be adaptable to working in different environments such as different light situations such a morning, afternoon and evening. 

6. Compatibility:  IoT devices ought to apply standardized protocols to ensure different systems can communicate with one another.

The IoT characteristics are critical in guiding engineers and developers on the various ways to undertake the iot based projects. Understanding these characteristics enables individuals to have a better understanding of the various components they are working with consequently, enable them to have better control therefore, they can manage their projects more effectively.